| In contrast to atomic systems, strong electric dipole-dipole interactions in systems of ultracold polar molecules open the way to directly emulate spin Hamiltonians at temperatures of the order of nK, realizable in current experiments. At unit filling of the lattice, this leads to S=½ XXZ-type of Hamiltonians, while below unit filling t-J-like models are obtained, allowing for the direct experimental exploration of quantum magnetism and the physics of the t-J-model on optical lattices. Considering chains, ladders and stripes of XXZ- and t-J-systems in equilibrium and non-equilibrium situations, we discuss possibilities to characterize the physics of these systems in ongoing experiments with polar KRb molecules and make predictions for possible future experiments with other types of polar molecules, e.g., RbCs or SrF. We deal with the question how the long-range interaction present in these systems modifies the physics of the original models introduced in a condensed matter context. In particular, based on earlier results for the t-J-V model, we address the stabilizing effect of long-range-interactions on superconducting phases, and discuss possibilities to realize and explore unconventional manybody phases in these experiments. |
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