Searching for the perfect fluid: Transport and scale invariance in the unitary Fermi gas

Tilman Enss

Technische Universität München, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Garching, Germany

We compute the shear viscosity of the unitary Fermi gas above the superfluid transition temperature, using a diagrammatic technique that starts from the exact Kubo formula. The formalism obeys a Ward identity associated with scale invariance which guarantees that the bulk viscosity vanishes identically. The frequency dependent shear viscosity η(ω) exhibits a Drude-like transport peak and a power-law tail at large frequencies that is proportional to the Tan contact. The ratio η/s between the static shear viscosity and the entropy density exhibits a minimum near the superfluid transition temperature whose value is larger than the string theory bound ℏ/(4πkB) by a factor of about seven.

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